In the wave of manufacturing automation, robotic technology has evolved from a specialized solution for large enterprises to a universal choice for businesses of all scales. Faced with a diverse market of robotic models—varying widely in functional parameters and price points—a systematic selection framework has become essential for decision-making. By adhering to a structured evaluation methodology, enterprises can precisely align performance requirements with budget constraints, avoiding pitfalls of "over-specification" or "under-capacity."
Bosch Rexroth’s LOSTPED assessment system—standing for Load, Orientation, Speed, Travel, Precision, Environment, and Duty cycle—provides a clear technical framework for robotic selection:
- Load Capacity: Must match the weight of target workpieces and end-effector loads
- Motion Orientation: Cartesian (rectilinear) systems suit simple linear motion; SCARA robots excel in high-speed planar tasks; 6-axis manipulators enable full-space dexterity
- Speed & Stroke: Long-distance transportation (e.g., 10m-class X-axis stroke) is better suited to gantry-style Cartesian systems, while compact workspaces favor SCARA models
- Precision Requirements: Millimeter-level accuracy is critical for precision assembly, whereas sub-centimeter tolerances suffice for general material handling
- Environmental Adaptation: Must account for operational conditions like dust, humidity, and temperature affecting mechanical structures and control systems
- Duty Cycle: Continuous operation scenarios require attention to motor heat dissipation and component durability
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Payload vs. Cost-Effectiveness Balance:
- In 20kg payload applications, Cartesian systems offer cost advantages over comparable SCARA robots through mature modular designs (e.g., standardized linear guides and servo drives), which avoid the need for high-end control modules required by SCARA at similar payloads.
- Complex spatial operations (e.g., grabbing parts from cornered bins) necessitate the multi-joint flexibility of 6-axis arms, despite higher upfront investment.
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Workspace Optimization:
- Tight workstations benefit from compact SCARA robots, whose planar motion maximizes space efficiency;
- Open production lines are ideal for Cartesian gantry systems, which achieve customizable stroke expansion via linear module combinations (e.g., ultra-long axis applications in automated storage and retrieval systems).
Mid-sized and small enterprises are increasingly deploying Cartesian robots due to these key innovations:
- Digital Selection Tools: Online configuration platforms enable rapid parametric design. Users can generate 3D models and system schematics with just a few clicks by inputting payload mass and required stroke. "These tools don’t replace detailed engineering calculations," notes Vaughn, "but they streamline the selection process significantly."
- Single-Part Integrated Solutions: Suppliers now offer turnkey systems—including guides, servo drives, and control modules—ordered via a single part number, replacing the traditional multi-vendor procurement model and reducing lead times.
- Intelligent Control Upgrades:
- Preparameterized software packages (e.g., Bosch Rexroth PLC-specific function blocks) enable plug-and-play multi-axis coordinated motion. Users can program pick-and-place tasks via simplified mnemonic codes, eliminating complex coding.
- Unified programming interfaces compliant with IEC-61131-3 standardize syntax across ladder logic, C++, and other languages, ensuring compatibility with controllers from different manufacturers.
- Safety Technology Breakthroughs:
- Servo drives with built-in safety features enable reduced-torque mode for human-robot collaboration: Operators can enter safety zones to manually teach coordinates, with immediate torque reduction upon contact to prevent injury.
- Direct-drive technology and modular design: Linear motor units paired with standardized feed modules achieve SCARA-like Z-axis motion while simplifying mechanical complexity.
- Simplified Human-Machine Interaction:
- Preloaded function blocks allow non-experts to program basic pick-and-place tasks, cutting operator training time by over 50%.
- Universal controllers integrate third-party devices via industrial Ethernet protocols (e.g., EtherCAT, Profinet), minimizing proprietary control system investments.
Enterprises should align robotic choices with process specifics (e.g., precision grade, motion trajectory complexity), production capacity (single/multi-shift operations), and digital readiness (PLC programming capability). Prioritize quantifying requirements via the LOSTPED framework and leverage modular solutions’ cost benefits to achieve optimal ROI without compromising performance.
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